Did Copernicus borrow his maths from the astronomers of Maragha?

Possibly, but nobody has found the proof, and some scholars think he did not need to. The story starts with a flaw. Ptolemy's equant was a point offset from the centre of a planet's orbit, around which the planet moved with uniform angular velocity; it violated the principle of uniform circular motion, and many medieval astronomers considered it a serious defect.

In 1247, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi proposed a fix in his Commentary on the Almagest: a small circle rotating inside a larger one twice its size, so that a point on the small circle oscillates back and forth along a straight line. It is now called the Tusi couple, and it was later used extensively as a substitute for the equant. Al-Tusi directed the Maragheh observatory, founded in the mid-13th century under the patronage of the Ilkhanid ruler Hulagu, and it became the first observatory to outlive its founder.

Then, in the 16th century, Copernicus used what is now known as the Urdi lemma and the Tusi couple in the same planetary models as found in Arabic sources, and the exact replacement of the equant by two epicycles in his Commentariolus was found earlier in a work by Ibn al-Shatir. This has led some scholars to argue that Copernicus must have had access to some yet-to-be-identified work. But no likely candidate has come to light, and other scholars argue that Copernicus could well have developed these ideas independently.

So the honest answer is that the maths is strikingly similar, a possible route has been suggested, and the chain of evidence is missing. Ibn al-Shatir's model was firmly geocentric, while Copernicus's put the Sun near the centre.